From 01ad42f6a18c63801d637231ea7f14ef8b59d2c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gaumit Kauts <123269559+Gaumit-Kauts@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 14 Feb 2026 16:29:15 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Update schema.sql

---
 schema.sql | 328 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 195 insertions(+), 133 deletions(-)

diff --git a/schema.sql b/schema.sql
index bc3b668..5193676 100644
--- a/schema.sql
+++ b/schema.sql
@@ -1,158 +1,217 @@
--- ============================================
--- ARCHIVAL AUDIO SOCIAL MEDIA APP - DATABASE SCHEMA
--- ============================================
 
--- Users Table
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION set_updated_at()
+RETURNS trigger AS $$
+BEGIN
+  NEW.updated_at = now();
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- ---------- Users ----------
 CREATE TABLE users (
-    user_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-    username VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
-    email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
-    password_hash VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-    display_name VARCHAR(100),
-    profile_image_url VARCHAR(255),
-    bio TEXT,
-    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    is_active BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE,
-    INDEX idx_username (username),
-    INDEX idx_email (email)
+  user_id BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+  username VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+  email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
+  password_hash VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+  display_name VARCHAR(100),
+  profile_image_url VARCHAR(255),
+  bio TEXT,
+  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  is_active BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE
 );
 
--- Categories Table
+-- Note: UNIQUE already creates indexes for username/email, so extra indexes are usually redundant.
+
+CREATE TRIGGER users_set_updated_at
+BEFORE UPDATE ON users
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE FUNCTION set_updated_at();
+
+-- ---------- Categories ----------
 CREATE TABLE categories (
-    category_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
-    description TEXT,
-    parent_category_id INT NULL, -- For subcategories
-    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    FOREIGN KEY (parent_category_id) REFERENCES categories(category_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
-    INDEX idx_name (name)
+  category_id BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+  name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
+  description TEXT,
+  parent_category_id BIGINT NULL,
+  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  CONSTRAINT fk_parent_category
+    FOREIGN KEY (parent_category_id)
+    REFERENCES categories(category_id)
+    ON DELETE SET NULL
 );
 
--- Posts Table
+CREATE INDEX idx_categories_name ON categories (name);
+CREATE INDEX idx_categories_parent ON categories (parent_category_id);
+
+-- ---------- Posts ----------
 CREATE TABLE posts (
-    post_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-    user_id INT NOT NULL,
-    title VARCHAR(255),
-    transcribed_text TEXT, -- Text generated from audio
-    audio_url VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, -- URL to stored audio file
-    audio_duration_seconds INT, -- Duration in seconds
-    image_url VARCHAR(255), -- Optional image
-    is_private BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, -- TRUE = private, FALSE = public
-    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    INDEX idx_user_id (user_id),
-    INDEX idx_created_at (created_at),
-    INDEX idx_is_private (is_private),
-    FULLTEXT idx_fulltext_search (title, transcribed_text)
+  post_id BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+  user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  title VARCHAR(255),
+  transcribed_text TEXT,
+  audio_url VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+  audio_duration_seconds INT,
+  image_url VARCHAR(255),
+  is_private BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+
+  -- Postgres full-text search column (stored generated)
+  search_tsv tsvector GENERATED ALWAYS AS (
+    to_tsvector('english', coalesce(title,'') || ' ' || coalesce(transcribed_text,''))
+  ) STORED,
+
+  CONSTRAINT fk_posts_user
+    FOREIGN KEY (user_id)
+    REFERENCES users(user_id)
+    ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
--- Post Categories (Many-to-Many relationship)
+CREATE TRIGGER posts_set_updated_at
+BEFORE UPDATE ON posts
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE FUNCTION set_updated_at();
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_posts_user_id ON posts (user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_posts_created_at ON posts (created_at);
+CREATE INDEX idx_posts_is_private ON posts (is_private);
+
+-- Full-text GIN index (replaces MySQL FULLTEXT)
+CREATE INDEX idx_posts_search_tsv ON posts USING GIN (search_tsv);
+
+-- ---------- Post Categories (Many-to-Many) ----------
 CREATE TABLE post_categories (
-    post_id INT NOT NULL,
-    category_id INT NOT NULL,
-    PRIMARY KEY (post_id, category_id),
+  post_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  category_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (post_id, category_id),
+  CONSTRAINT fk_pc_post
     FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories(category_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    INDEX idx_category_id (category_id)
+  CONSTRAINT fk_pc_category
+    FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories(category_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
--- User Category Follows (for feed recommendations)
+CREATE INDEX idx_post_categories_category_id ON post_categories (category_id);
+
+-- ---------- User Category Follows ----------
 CREATE TABLE user_category_follows (
-    user_id INT NOT NULL,
-    category_id INT NOT NULL,
-    followed_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, category_id),
+  user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  category_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  followed_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  PRIMARY KEY (user_id, category_id),
+  CONSTRAINT fk_ucf_user
     FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories(category_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    INDEX idx_user_id (user_id),
-    INDEX idx_category_id (category_id)
+  CONSTRAINT fk_ucf_category
+    FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories(category_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
--- User Follows (following other users)
+CREATE INDEX idx_ucf_user_id ON user_category_follows (user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_ucf_category_id ON user_category_follows (category_id);
+
+-- ---------- User Follows ----------
 CREATE TABLE user_follows (
-    follower_id INT NOT NULL,
-    following_id INT NOT NULL,
-    followed_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    PRIMARY KEY (follower_id, following_id),
+  follower_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  following_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  followed_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  PRIMARY KEY (follower_id, following_id),
+  CONSTRAINT fk_uf_follower
     FOREIGN KEY (follower_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    FOREIGN KEY (following_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    INDEX idx_follower_id (follower_id),
-    INDEX idx_following_id (following_id)
+  CONSTRAINT fk_uf_following
+    FOREIGN KEY (following_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
--- Post Likes (engagement tracking)
+CREATE INDEX idx_user_follows_follower_id ON user_follows (follower_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_user_follows_following_id ON user_follows (following_id);
+
+-- ---------- Post Likes ----------
 CREATE TABLE post_likes (
-    user_id INT NOT NULL,
-    post_id INT NOT NULL,
-    liked_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, post_id),
+  user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  post_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  liked_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  PRIMARY KEY (user_id, post_id),
+  CONSTRAINT fk_pl_user
     FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    INDEX idx_post_id (post_id),
-    INDEX idx_liked_at (liked_at)
+  CONSTRAINT fk_pl_post
+    FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
--- Comments (engagement tracking)
+CREATE INDEX idx_post_likes_post_id ON post_likes (post_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_post_likes_liked_at ON post_likes (liked_at);
+
+-- ---------- Comments ----------
 CREATE TABLE comments (
-    comment_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-    post_id INT NOT NULL,
-    user_id INT NOT NULL,
-    comment_text TEXT NOT NULL,
-    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+  comment_id BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+  post_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  comment_text TEXT NOT NULL,
+  created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  CONSTRAINT fk_comments_post
     FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    INDEX idx_post_id (post_id),
-    INDEX idx_user_id (user_id),
-    INDEX idx_created_at (created_at)
+  CONSTRAINT fk_comments_user
+    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
--- Audio Listening History (for recommendations)
+CREATE TRIGGER comments_set_updated_at
+BEFORE UPDATE ON comments
+FOR EACH ROW
+EXECUTE FUNCTION set_updated_at();
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_comments_post_id ON comments (post_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_comments_user_id ON comments (user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_comments_created_at ON comments (created_at);
+
+-- ---------- Audio Listening History ----------
 CREATE TABLE audio_listening_history (
-    history_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-    user_id INT NOT NULL,
-    post_id INT NOT NULL,
-    listened_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    listen_duration_seconds INT, -- How long they actually listened
-    completed BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, -- Did they listen to the end?
+  history_id BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+  user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  post_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  listened_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  listen_duration_seconds INT,
+  completed BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
+  CONSTRAINT fk_alh_user
     FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    INDEX idx_user_id (user_id),
-    INDEX idx_post_id (post_id),
-    INDEX idx_listened_at (listened_at)
+  CONSTRAINT fk_alh_post
+    FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
--- Search History (for recommendations)
+CREATE INDEX idx_alh_user_id ON audio_listening_history (user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_alh_post_id ON audio_listening_history (post_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_alh_listened_at ON audio_listening_history (listened_at);
+
+-- ---------- Search History ----------
 CREATE TABLE search_history (
-    search_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-    user_id INT NOT NULL,
-    search_query VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
-    searched_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    INDEX idx_user_id (user_id),
-    INDEX idx_searched_at (searched_at),
-    INDEX idx_search_query (search_query)
+  search_id BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+  user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  search_query VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
+  searched_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  CONSTRAINT fk_search_user
+    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
--- Bookmarks/Saved Posts
+CREATE INDEX idx_search_user_id ON search_history (user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_search_searched_at ON search_history (searched_at);
+CREATE INDEX idx_search_query ON search_history (search_query);
+
+-- ---------- Bookmarks ----------
 CREATE TABLE bookmarks (
-    user_id INT NOT NULL,
-    post_id INT NOT NULL,
-    bookmarked_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    PRIMARY KEY (user_id, post_id),
+  user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  post_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+  bookmarked_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+  PRIMARY KEY (user_id, post_id),
+  CONSTRAINT fk_bookmarks_user
     FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    INDEX idx_user_id (user_id),
-    INDEX idx_bookmarked_at (bookmarked_at)
+  CONSTRAINT fk_bookmarks_post
+    FOREIGN KEY (post_id) REFERENCES posts(post_id) ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
 
+CREATE INDEX idx_bookmarks_user_id ON bookmarks (user_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_bookmarks_bookmarked_at ON bookmarks (bookmarked_at);
+
 -- ============================================
 -- SAMPLE SEED DATA
 -- ============================================
 
--- Insert sample categories
 INSERT INTO categories (name, description) VALUES
 ('Historical Events', 'Posts about significant historical events and eras'),
 ('Cultural Traditions', 'Cultural practices, traditions, and heritage'),
@@ -162,64 +221,67 @@ INSERT INTO categories (name, description) VALUES
 ('Local History', 'Community and local historical accounts');
 
 -- ============================================
--- USEFUL QUERIES FOR THE APPLICATION
+-- USEFUL QUERIES (Postgres parameter style: $1, $2, ...)
 -- ============================================
 
--- Query 1: Get personalized feed for a user
--- (Combines posts from followed users, followed categories, and engagement patterns)
+-- Query 1: Personalized feed
 /*
 SELECT DISTINCT p.*, u.username, u.display_name
 FROM posts p
-INNER JOIN users u ON p.user_id = u.user_id
+JOIN users u ON p.user_id = u.user_id
 LEFT JOIN post_categories pc ON p.post_id = pc.post_id
-LEFT JOIN user_category_follows ucf ON pc.category_id = ucf.category_id AND ucf.user_id = ?
-LEFT JOIN user_follows uf ON p.user_id = uf.following_id AND uf.follower_id = ?
+LEFT JOIN user_category_follows ucf ON pc.category_id = ucf.category_id AND ucf.user_id = $1
+LEFT JOIN user_follows uf ON p.user_id = uf.following_id AND uf.follower_id = $1
 WHERE p.is_private = FALSE
-  AND (ucf.user_id IS NOT NULL OR uf.follower_id IS NOT NULL OR p.user_id = ?)
+  AND (ucf.user_id IS NOT NULL OR uf.follower_id IS NOT NULL OR p.user_id = $1)
 ORDER BY p.created_at DESC
 LIMIT 50;
 */
 
--- Query 2: Search posts by text (uses FULLTEXT index)
+-- Query 2: Full-text search (replaces MySQL MATCH ... AGAINST)
+-- Tip: websearch_to_tsquery supports Google-like syntax; plainto_tsquery is simpler.
 /*
-SELECT p.*, u.username, MATCH(p.title, p.transcribed_text) AGAINST(? IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE) AS relevance
+SELECT p.*, u.username,
+       ts_rank(p.search_tsv, websearch_to_tsquery('english', $1)) AS relevance
 FROM posts p
-INNER JOIN users u ON p.user_id = u.user_id
-WHERE MATCH(p.title, p.transcribed_text) AGAINST(? IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE)
-  AND (p.is_private = FALSE OR p.user_id = ?)
+JOIN users u ON p.user_id = u.user_id
+WHERE p.search_tsv @@ websearch_to_tsquery('english', $1)
+  AND (p.is_private = FALSE OR p.user_id = $2)
 ORDER BY relevance DESC
 LIMIT 50;
 */
 
--- Query 3: Get user's private posts
+-- Query 3: User's private posts
 /*
-SELECT p.*, COUNT(DISTINCT pl.user_id) as like_count, COUNT(DISTINCT c.comment_id) as comment_count
+SELECT p.*,
+       COUNT(DISTINCT pl.user_id) AS like_count,
+       COUNT(DISTINCT c.comment_id) AS comment_count
 FROM posts p
 LEFT JOIN post_likes pl ON p.post_id = pl.post_id
 LEFT JOIN comments c ON p.post_id = c.post_id
-WHERE p.user_id = ? AND p.is_private = TRUE
+WHERE p.user_id = $1 AND p.is_private = TRUE
 GROUP BY p.post_id
 ORDER BY p.created_at DESC;
 */
 
--- Query 4: Get posts by category
+-- Query 4: Posts by category
 /*
 SELECT p.*, u.username, u.display_name
 FROM posts p
-INNER JOIN users u ON p.user_id = u.user_id
-INNER JOIN post_categories pc ON p.post_id = pc.post_id
-WHERE pc.category_id = ? AND p.is_private = FALSE
+JOIN users u ON p.user_id = u.user_id
+JOIN post_categories pc ON p.post_id = pc.post_id
+WHERE pc.category_id = $1 AND p.is_private = FALSE
 ORDER BY p.created_at DESC
 LIMIT 50;
 */
 
--- Query 5: Get user's listening history
+-- Query 5: Listening history
 /*
 SELECT p.*, u.username, alh.listened_at, alh.listen_duration_seconds, alh.completed
 FROM audio_listening_history alh
-INNER JOIN posts p ON alh.post_id = p.post_id
-INNER JOIN users u ON p.user_id = u.user_id
-WHERE alh.user_id = ?
+JOIN posts p ON alh.post_id = p.post_id
+JOIN users u ON p.user_id = u.user_id
+WHERE alh.user_id = $1
 ORDER BY alh.listened_at DESC
 LIMIT 50;
 */